大家好，欢迎进入对外汉语教学核心语法课堂 Hi，everyone!Welcome to the core grammar class of teaching Chinese as a second language. 今天讲第六讲- 定语和状语 第一节- Today we begin to study Lecture 6, the attributive and the adverbial adjuncts. Section one, 定语，一，充当定语的成分 用在名词或短语前，起着限制和描写作用的词语 the attributive, part one, elements serving as the subject. A word or phrase which comes before the verb or verb phrase to restrict or describe the subject 叫做定语，被限制或描写的词语叫做中心语。 is called an attributive, the word modified or described by the attributive is called the head word. 充当定语的词语很多，可以是名词、 代词，也可以是动词（短语） There are many words serving as the attributive, they can be nouns, pronouns, and verbs or verb phrases, 形容词（短语）、 数词、 数量短语、 主谓短语、 介词短语等。 adjectives or adjective phrases, numerals, numeral-measure word phrases, subject-predicate phrases, prepositional phrases and so on. （一）名词或者短语 例如，一，我买汉语词典，这个「汉语」就是一个名词做定语。 First, nouns or noun phrases. For example, first, (I bought a Chinese dictionary), 汉语 is a noun which acts as the attributive. 二，这是图书馆的书，「图书馆」也是个名词，所以也是做定语。 Second, (this is a book from the library), 图书馆 is also a noun, so it acts the attributive. 名词做定语有的可以不带「的」，有的则必须带「的」。 When the nouns act as the attributive, some cann't be followed by 的, and others must. （二）代词 例如 1. Second, pronouns. For example, 1. 他爸爸是老师。 (his father is a teacher). 这个里面的「他」 就是个代词，那么做定语修饰「爸爸」。 Here 他 is a pronoun, so it acts as the attributive to modify 爸爸. 2. 2. 谁的学习成绩好，谁就去。 (Who gets good grades in school, who will go). 这个「谁」是一个疑问代词，也是做定语 那么代词做定语，有的必须带「的」，有的带不带都可以。 The word 谁 is a interrogative pronoun, it also acts as the attributive.
So when the pronoun serves as the attributive, some of them must be followed by 的, others are optional. （三）形容词或者短语，例如 1. Third, adjectives or adjective phrases, for example, 1. 绿衣服不好看。 (The green coat doesn’t look good). 这个例子里面的「绿」是个形容词 所以呢修饰这个「衣服」做定语。 The word 绿 in this example is an adjective, so it acts as the attributive to modify 衣服. 2. 2. 他是一个勇敢的人。 (He is a brave man). 这个「勇敢」也是一个形容词 那么也是做「人」的定语。 勇敢 is also an adjective, so it acts the attributive of 人. 单音节形容词做定语一般不带「的」 双音节形容词通常要带「的」，形容词短语做定语则必须带「的」。 The monosyllabic adjective serving as the attributive generally doesn't take 的,
the double syllable adjective is usually followed by 的,
and the adjective phrase serving as the attributive must be followed by 的. （四）动词或者短语，例如「买的人不多」 这个例子的「买」是个动词，带上「的」以后加做人的定语 2. Fourth, verbs or verb phrase, for example, (few people buy it).
买 in this example is a verb, it is followed by 的 and acts as the attributive of 人. 2. 这是妈妈织的毛衣。 (This is a sweater made by mom). 这个例子里面的 「妈妈织的」，「妈妈织」是一个动词短语，所以呢带「的」以后做毛衣的定语 In this example, 妈妈织 is a verb phrase, so it is followed by 的 and acts as the attributive of 毛衣. 动词（短语）一般带「的」以后，才可以做定语 （五）数词 The verb (phrase) is usually followed by 的 to act as the attributive. Fifth, numerals. 数量或者数量短语，分数做定语一般要带「的」，例如，我们看一下第一个例子 When the numerals or numeral measure word phrases, fractions act as the attributive, they are generally followed by 的, for instance, let's look at the first example, 「百分之十的同学」，这个「百分之十」是一个分数，百分数，所以呢 它带「的」做同学的定语。 (ten percent of the students), this 百分之十 is a fraction, a percentage, so
it is followed by 的 and acts as the attributive of 同学. 2. 2. 这次考试只有百分之九十的 及格率。 (The pass rate of this exam is ninety percent). 这个「百分之九十」也是一个分数，百分数，所以呢它也是做定语 数词、 数量短语经常用来做定语。 This 百分之九十 is also a fraction, a percentage, so it acts as the attributive. Numerals
and numeral measure word phrases are usually used as the attributives. 例如：第一例 我们走了两小时了。 For example, first example, (we have walked for two hours). 这个「两」是个数词，所以呢做「小时」的定语 第二例，妈妈在北京玩了一个星期。 The word 两 is a numeral, so it acts as the attributive of 小时. Second example, 这个「一个」是个数量 短语，那么做「星期」的定语。 The 一个 is a numeral measure word phrase, so it acts as the attributive of 星期. 数量短语做定语一般不带「的」 带「的」呢表示描写。 The numeral measure word phrase serving as the attributive generally doesn't take 的, except for the circumstance of description. 例如：我们看一下第一个例子 没有一斤的西瓜，只有五斤的。 For instance, let's look at the first example, (there is no watermelon weighting one jin, only five jin). 这个「一斤」是什么呢？是 描写西瓜的，也就是说这个西瓜是一斤的，不是五斤的 What is the phrase 一斤? It is used to describe the watermelon, in other words, the watermelon weights one jin, not five jin. 第二例，给我来两条半斤的鲤鱼。 Second example, (bring me two carps of half a kilo). 这个「半斤」也是描写这个 说明这个鲤鱼的，也就是说这个鲤鱼呢是半斤重 The phrase 半斤 is also used to describe the carp, which means the carp weights half a kilo. 数量重叠式有两种情况 There are two case of reduplication of the numeral measure word phrase, 一AA式做定语，可以不带「的」，一A一A式做定语必须带「的」 我们来看两个例子。 the form of 一AA can serve as the attributive without 的, and the 一A一A form serving as attributive must be followed by 的,
let's look at two examples. 例如第一例，一座座大楼 拔地而起。 First example, (the skyscrapers rise from the ground). 这个就属于一AA式，那么它做定语的时候呢 后面没有「的」。 This is 一AA form, so it serves as the attributive without 的. 第二例，书架上摆着一本一本 的词典。 Second example, (the dictionaries are on the shelf one by one). 「一本一本」是一个一A一A式的 数量短语，那么它做定语的时候呢，后面有一个「的」 一本一本 is a numeral measure word phrase of 一A一A form, so when it acts as the attributive, it is followed by 的. （六）主谓短语，例如 1. Sixth, the subject-predicate phrase, for example, 1. 尝尝我做的鱼。 (Try the fish I cooked). 这个例子里面 这个例子里面，「我做」是一个主谓短语，那么他做鱼的定语，后面呢有「的」 In this example, 我做 is a subject-predicate phrase, so it acts as the attributive of 鱼 and is followed by 的. 第二例，天气热的时候我就去游泳。 Second example, (I'll go to swim during the hot day). 「天气热」也是一个主谓短语 那么做时候的定语，后面有一个「的」 天气热 is also a subject-predicate phrase, so in the case of acting as attributive, it is followed by 的. （七）介词短语 例如，我忘不了大家对我的支持和帮助。 Seventh, the prepositional phrase, for example, (I will never forget the support and help from everyone). 这个例子里面的 「对我的」是一个 In this example, what does 对我的 什么呢？是一个定语，这是一个介词短语，对是个介词 第二例，那位作家写了一本关于鲁迅的书。 act as? It's a attributive and a prepositional phrase, 对 is a preposition.
Second example, (the writer writes a book about Luxun). 「关于鲁迅」 那么也是一个介词短语，也是呢带「的」以后做定语。 关于鲁迅 is also a prepositional phrase and acts as attributive with 的.
