大家好，欢迎进入对外汉语教学核心语法课堂 今天我们讲第七讲 Hi，everyone!Welcome to the core grammar class of teaching Chinese as a second language.Today we begin to study Lecture 7. 补语 用在动作或者形容词后，表示结果、 A word or phrase attached to a verb or adjective to show the result, 趋向 程度等的动词或者是短语、 形容词或者是短语 和副词等叫做补语。 the possibility of an action or the degree is called a complement. 汉语的补语很复杂 不同的补语常常表达不同的意义，因此呢可以按照意义对它们进行分类 The complements in Chinese are complicated, different complements usually express different meanings. Thus we can classify complements by their meanings. 汉语的补语分为如下几类，一 The complements in Chinese can be classified as follows, first, 结果补语，结果补语表示行为动作产生的结果 或对行为动作做描写、 说明。 the complement of result, the complement of result indicates the result of an action, or describes and explains an action. 我们来看一下几个例子 我们看第一个例子，大家都走累了。 Let's look at some examples. The first example, (everyone walks tired). 这个"累" 就是一个结果补语，就是一个补语 The word 累 is a complement of result, is a complement. 它说明走的结果的，也就是因为走，所以呢最后是 累了。 It explains the result of walking, and because of walking, so tired at last. 第二例，衣服洗干净了， 这个"干净"也是一个结果补语 The second example, (the clothes are washed clean), the word 干净 is also a complement of result. 那么"干净"是说明洗的结果 什么意思？就是因为洗了，这个衣服干净。 So 干净 shows the result of washing. What does this mean? Because of washing, the clothes are clean. 第三例，作业都做完了，这个"完" 是做的结果，也就是因为做，所以呢完了 The third example, (all the homework have been finished), the word 完 is the result of action, because of doing, so it's finished. 那么这个就是我们说的累也好，干净也好，完呢都是呢 结果补语。 So the words 累, 干净, 完 we are talking about here are all the complement of result. 动词做结果补语的比较少 常见的有什么呢？懂、 Verbs serving as complements of result happen relatively infrequently. What are the common words? 懂, 见、 住 着、 完、 光、 走、 跑、 哭、 掉、 倒 丢、 翻，等。 见, 住 着, 完, 光, 走, 跑, 哭, 掉, 倒 丢, 翻, etc. 我们来看一下几个例子 第一个例子，昨天学的生词我都记住 Let's look at some examples. The first example, (I've remembered the all new word learned yesterday). 这个"住"是一个动词，那么在这儿呢它做补语，结果补语，表示记的结果 The verb 住 here serves as a complement of result, represents the result of remembering. 第二个，自行车被我朋友骑走，这个走呢也是一个结果补语 Second, (the bicycles was ridden away be my friend), the word 走 is also a complement of result. 是骑的结果，因为骑自行车，走 第三，她的手机弄丢，丢也是一种结果 It's the result of riding, because of riding the bicycle, 走. Third, (she lost her cellphoe), 丢 is also a result, 表示手机最后丢了，是因为弄这样的一个结果 （二）"了""过"的位置 express that the cellphone was lost at last as a result of 弄. Part two: Position of 了, 过 动词加上结果补语后可以带"了"和"过" 但是呢不能带"着"。 The verbs with result phrases can be followed by 了 or 过, but can't by followed by 着. 我们来看一下例子，第一例，风刮小了 这个小是一个结果补语，那么"了"呢 在补语的后面。 Let's look at some examples, first example, (the wind blows weaker), the word 小 is the complement of result, what about 了? 第二例，我们已经学完了第五课，你们呢？ 这个"了"在结果补语"完"的后面。 Second example, (we have finished lesson five), what about you? The word 了 is after the resultant complement of 完. 第三例，她也 得到过一次奖学金，到是一个结果补语，那么过在哪呢？过在结果补语的后面 Third example, (she also have got a scholarship), 到 is the complement of result, where is 过? It's after the resultant complement. （三）"动词+结果补语"的否定 Part three: the negative form of "verb + complement of result" "动词+结果补语"的否定是在动词前边，主语是在 The negative form of "verb + complement of result" precedes the verb, and the subject 动词的前边，动词前加上 "没有"或者是"不"等。 proceeds the verbs, use the "没有" or "不" prior to the verb. 但是如果补语 后有"了"，这个问题要特别注意，如果有"了"的话，这个"了" 应该删去，就是去掉。 However, if the resultant complements is followed by 了, this problem needs to be paid special attention, if 了 exists,
the word 了 should be deleted or removed. 也就是说"没有"和"了"，那么不能 一起使用。 That is, 没有 and 了 should not be used together. 我们来看一下例子，第一个，雨下大了 "大"是一个结果补语，那么我们看它的否定是什么呢？加上"没" Let's look at some examples, first, (it's raining hard).
大 is a resultant complement, so what's its negative form? Add 没. 然后呢把这个"了"去掉，所以是"雨没下大" And then remove 了, so that's 雨没下大. 第二例，衣服弄脏了，那么"脏"是一个结果补语 那么"了"。 Second, (the clothes get dirty), so 脏 is a resultant complement, and 了. 它的否定是什么呢？是"衣服没弄脏"，也就是加上"没"以后 What's its negative form? That's 衣服没弄脏, i.e., after adding 没, 把这个"了"呢去掉。 we remove 了. 注意 "不+动词+结果补语"只能用于假设句中 Notice that "不 + verb + resultant complement" can only be used in hypothetical sentences. 所谓假设句就是不是真实的，我们来看一下例子，第一例 The so-called hypothetical sentences is unreal, let's look at some examples, first, 这次不考好，就不能得到奖学金 这个用"不"来否定这个考好 (if you fail the exam, you can't get the scholarship), the sentence use 不 to deny 考好. 这个"动词+结果补语"，那么它的意思是什么意思呢？就是说如果这次不考好 Here is "verb + resultant complement", what's its meaning? That is to say, if you fail the exam, 就不能得到奖学金的意思，所以呢它是一种假设句 you can't get the scholarship, therefore it's a kind of hypothetical sentence. 第二例，你不做完，就不让你看电视 这个用"不"否定"做完" Second example, (if you haven't finished, you are not allowed to watch TV). Here we use 不 to negate 做完. 那么它的意思也是说如果你不做完，不让你看电视，也就是所谓的 假设句。 So it means that if you don't finish your work, you are not allowed to watch TV, that's the so-called hypothetical sentences. （四） "动词+结果补语"带宾语的位置 Part four: Position of "verb + resultant" with object "动词+结果补语"可以带宾语 但是宾语呢必须在结果补语的后面。 The verb-complement of result phrase can take an object which must come after the whole phrase. 我们来看一下例子 第一个，我只买到一本书，"到"是一个结果补语 Let's look at examples. First, (i just buy one book), 到 is a resultant complement. 这个"一本书"是个宾语，那么在"买到"的后面 The phrase 一本书 is an object, which follows 买到. 第二例，打开书，这个"书"是个宾语，我们上课 Second, (open the book), 书 is an object, 那么它放在"打开"的后面，那么"开"是结果补语 so it come after 打开, and 开 is a resultant complement.
