大家好，欢迎进入对外汉语教学核心语法课堂 第十二讲，表达法 Hello, everyone! Welcome to our core grammar class. Charpter Twelve The Method of Expression 第一节，数字的表达 一."年"、 "月"、 "日"、 "星期"表达方法。 Section one, The expression of numbers One The expression of year,month and days of the week. （一）"年"的表达方法，什么年一般是逐个数字读，例如 1909 (I)The expression of year, year is read by number commonly, such as yi jiu ling jiu 年、 1980 年 2009 年、 nian,yi jiu ba ling nian,er ling ling jiu nian, 2018 年 但是，2000 er ling yi ba nian. But,two thousand 年到 2009 年也可以读作两千零 to two thousand and nine also can be read by "liang qian ling ji nian" 什么年，例如，2001 年我们也可以说成两千零一年 For example 2001 can be read by "liang qian ling yi nian" 2009 年也可以说成什么呢？两千零九年。 How to read 2009? The answer is "liang qian ling jiu nian" 注意，汉语的"年"前面不能出现量词"个"，例如 Pay attention, You can't have quantifiers before year in Chinese. 我们来看一下例子，"我们都学了一个年汉语"，这个句子是错的，为什么呢 就是因为这个"年"的前边有一个量词"个"。 Let's have a look at one example: We have learned Chinese for one year.Why the sentence is wrong? 我们应该 正确的例子应该是"我们都学了一年汉语" The correct statement is "we have learned Chinese for one year.(without quantifiers before year) 这个"年"前面不能用"个"，为什么呢，就是"年"是个量词，所以前面不能出现"个" 第 You can't have quantifier "ge" before year,that's why? Because "nian"is a measure word,which can't have quantifier "ge" 2 例，"他在北京住了两个年" Example Two,He lived in Beijing for two years. 也是错的，为什么呢，就是因为这个"年"也是个量词 正确的说法应该是"他在北京住了两年"就可以了 It's also incorrect,why?It also because "nian"is a measure word
The correct statement is He lived in Beijing for two years.(without quantifiers before year) （二） "月"的表达方法 (II)Means of expressing "month" 什么月按照数数的方法读，例如，一月 二月和十一月、 十二月， Some of the month can be read by count the numbers.Such as January,February,November and December. 汉语的"月"是名词，用来表达一段时间时，前面要用量词"个"。 The month in Chinese is Noun,it need to use quantifiers for a period of time. 例如，我们来看一下例子，第 1 例，"弟弟在上海住了六个月" For example,let's look at example one:My little brother lived in Shanghai for six months 这个"月"的前边用了量词"个"，第 2 The month with quantifiers "ge" before it. 例 "妹妹学过三个月汉语"也要用量词"个"，为什么呢，就是因为这个"月" 是名词，所以前边要用"个"。 Example two: My sister studied Chinese for three months.The month with quantifiers "ge" before it,because
The month in Chinese is a Noun,it need to use quantifiers for a period of time. （三） "日"的表达方法 什么日或者号也按照数数的方法读。 (III)The expressing methods of day The day can be read by the way of count the numbers. 例如，1 日，读作" 1 号"也可以 3 日，3 Such as The first day of a month can be read as "yi hao" or "san ri or san hao" 号也可以，10 日，10 号 26 日，26 号都可以。 "shi ri or shi hao","26ri or 26hao" 汉语的"日"只能用来表示某一天，不能用来表示一段时间， "Ri" in Chinese can be used to express someday, but not for a period of time. 表示一段时间时要用"天"，"天"是量词，前面不能出现量词"个"。 We use "tian" for a period of time."tian"is a measure word,can not appear measure word "ge". 我们来看一下例子， 第 Let's have a look at the examples. 1 例，"三个天以后我就回国"，那么这个句子是错误的，为什么呢，就是因为这个"天" Example one:I'll be back in three days.Why the sentence is incorrect? Because there is a measure word "ge"appears 前面出现了量词"个"。 before "tian". 正确的说法是"三天以后我就回国"，这样子是正确的，为什么呢，"天"就是一个量词。 The right statement is "I'll be back in three days."(without quantifier "ge" before "tian")Why? Because "tian"is a measure word. 第 2 例，"上个星期下了两个天雨" 这个句子也是错的，为什么呢，就是"天"的前面出现了量词"个"。 Example Two:It rained two days last week. It's also a wrong sentence,
why?Because there is a measure word "ge"appears before "tian". 正确的说法应该是"上个星期下了两天雨" 就可以了，这个"天"是个量词。 The right statement is "It rained two days last week."(without quantifier "ge" before "tian")The "tian"is a measure word itself. （四） 星期的表达方法 汉语"星期"的表达方法是，星期什么 (III)The expressing methods of week The Chinese expression for "week" is "xing qi..." 周什么或者是礼拜什么，例如我们说星期一、 星期二 "zhou ..."or "li bai...",such as "xing qi yi","xing qi er", 星期三、 星期四、 星期五、 星期六、 星期日 那么也可以说周一、 ... "xing qi ri".We could also say "zhou yi", 周二、 周三、 周四到周六、 周日， 也可以说礼拜一、 "zhou er"..."zhou ri".Also,we could say "li bai yi", 礼拜二、 礼拜三、 礼拜四到礼拜天或者是礼拜日， ..."li bai tian(Sunday)"or "li bai ri". 也就是说有三种表达方法，"星期"、 "礼拜"是名词， That is to say,there are three methods of expressing:"xing qi" and "li bai" are nouns, 用来表示一段时间时，前面要用量词"个"。 express for a periods of time, 我们来看一下例子，"我们学了两个星期汉语" Let's have a look at the examples:We have learned Chinese for two weeks. 那么，"星期"的前面用了量词"个"，为什么呢，"星期"是个名词，所以要用量词。 There is a Measure word "ge" before "xing qi",that's why? Because "xing qi"is a noun,it needs a measure word . 第 2 例，"两个礼拜以后我就回来"， Example two:I will be back after two weeks. 这个"礼拜"的前面也用了 量词"个"，为什么呢，"礼拜"也是一个名词，所以呢，前面有一个量词"个"。 Also,using a measure word before week,why? "li bai" is also a noun,and there is a measure word "ge" ahead. 但是，"周"是量词， 用来表示一段时间时，前面不能用量词"个"，我们来看一下例子。 But the measure word "zhou" can not be using with the measure word "ge" ,Let's have a look at the examples: 第 1 例，"一个周以后放寒假"，这个句子是错误的， Example one:We have a winter vacation after one week.This sentence is incorrect. 为什么？就是因为这个"周"的前面出现了量词"个"， Why? That's because there is a "zhou" before the measure word "ge" 正确的说法应该是什么呢，"一周以后放寒假"，也就是把这个量词"个"去掉 我们再看第 The right sentence is :We have a winter vacation after one week.Take out the measure word "ge". 2 例，"这次旅行只有两个周时间"，嗯这个句子也是 Example two:The trip only lasted two weeks. 错误的，原因就在于这个"周"的前边出现了量词"个"。 This sentence is also incorrect.The reason is there is a "zhou" before the measure word "ge" 正确的说法应该是"这次旅行只 只有两周时间"，所以呢，不要用"个"。 The right sentence is :The trip only lasted two weeks. Take out the measure word "ge". （五）"年、 "月、 "日"、 (V)Year,Month,Day "星期"的表达顺序 汉语的"年"、 "月、 "日"、 Expression sequence of week The expression sequence of year,month,day and week in Chinese "星期"的表达顺序是先说"年"，再说"月"、 "日" is starting with year then month,day 最后说"星期"，即大的时间单位在前，小的时间单位在后，例如 第 and saying week finally.That is the bigger units of time are first and the smaller units of time are last 1 例，1998 年 5 月 5 日星期二。 Example one,1998 nian 5 yue 5 ri xing qi er 第 2 例，2008 年 10 月 1 日星期天。 Example two,2008 nian 10 yue 1 ri xing qi tian. 这个顺序不能颠倒 二、 The order cannot be reversed.(II) 钟点的表达方法 （一）时刻的表达方法， The expression of the hour. 1.The expression of time 汉语表达时刻的单位是点、 分、 秒。 The units of time in Chinese is point, minute, second 例如，2 点 25 分 30 秒，9 点 Such as 2:25:30, 45 分 15 秒， 当时刻超过 40 9:45:15,When the time is over 40 分时，可以用 "差"来表示分，例如，8 we can use "cha" to express minutes,such as 点 45 分 我们也可以说成"差 15 分 9 点" 8:45,we can also say 15 minutes to 9 或者是" 9 差 15 分 "，11 点 56 or 15 minutes to 9,11:56 分也可以说成"差 4 分 12 点"或者" 12 点差 4 分"。 can be expressed as 4 minutes to 12 当时刻为 30 分时，可以用"半"来代替。 When the time is half a clock 例如，1 点 30 分，我们也可以说"一点半"， such as 1:30,we could say half past one, 15 点 30 分，我们也可以说" 15 点半"， 就是用 30 分钟改成"半"。 15:30 we could say half past fifteen,that is change 30 minutes to "ban" " 15 分钟"也可以用"刻"来代替，比如说， 15 minutes can instead by "ke",such as 3 点 15 分我们也可以说" 3 点 1 刻"， 11 3:15 we could say a quarter past three, 点 15 分也可以说成" 11 点 1 刻"， 13 11:15 we could say a quarter past eleven, 点 45 分可以说成" 13 点 3 刻"。 13:45 we could say eleven forty-five. （二）时段的表达方法 表示时段的单位是小时、 2.The expression of time periods The units of time periods is hour, 分钟、 秒钟， 例如，我们看一下第一例，"考试用了 1 小时 20 分钟"。 minute,second, let's look at example one,The exam took us an hour and 20 minutes 这是一段时间，第二例，"从这到那儿坐飞机需要 3 This a period of time. Example two,It takes three hours and fifty-five minutes to fly from here to there 小时 55 分钟"，也是一段时间。 This is also a period of time. 如果"分钟""秒钟"连用， 就是一起出现的时候，那么"分钟"、 If "minutes" and "seconds" are cooccurrence , then the word "zhong" "秒钟"中的"钟" 一般省略，我们来看一下例子。 which in minutes and second generally omit,let's have a look at the examples "他一百米成绩是 1 分中 50 秒钟"。 His time in the 100 metres was one minute and 50 seconds 那么我们一般说什么呢，1 分 50 How to say 1:50? 1 fen 50 is OK, 秒 "钟"都可以不说出来。 both "miao" and "zhong" needn't to be said 再看第 2 例，" 5 分钟 30 秒" Example two,five minutes and 30 seconds 我们也可以说" 5 分 30 秒"， 也就是说这个"钟"也不说出来，可以说" 5 分 30 秒太短了"， " we could just say 5 fen 30 miao
"zhong" needn't to be said,such as 5 fen 30 miao is too short 30 分钟"也可以用"半"来代替。 30 minutes can be instead by "ban" 我们来看一下例子，" 2 小时 30 分钟"我们也可以说 " Let's have a look at the examples,2 hours and 30 minutes we could say 2 个半小时"，" 8 小时 30 分钟"也可以说" 8 个半小时"。 2 hours and a half,8 hours and 30 minutes we could say 8 hours and a half 应该注意的是什么呢，"小时"的前面必须加上量词"个"，这个很重要， What should be noted is there must be a measure word "ge" before "hour", it's important 把"半"放在"个"的后面， "半"在"个"的后面，" and "ban" is after "ge" 8 个半小时"或者是" 2 个半小时"。 8 ge ban xiaoshi or 2 ge ban xiaoshi 三. (III) 钱数的表达方法 人民币的单位有"元（块）""角（毛）""分" The expression of money The unit of RMB is "yuan", "jiao", "cent" "元""角"口语书面语都使用， "块""毛"用于口语。 "yuan", "jiao"is used in spoken and written Chinese 我们来看一下例子 9.9 元，我们可以说九点九元，或者是九元九角， Let's have a look at the examples,9.9yuan we could say 9 dian 9 yuan or 9 yuan 9 jiao 九月九毛也可以，或者是九块九 9 yuan 9 is also good,or 9 kuai 9 都可以，应该注意的是，第一，就是口语中 both is OK.Please pay attention , in spoken Chinese, "元（块）"和"角（毛）" when yuan and jiao or 或者是"角"或者"毛"和"分"同时出现的时候 那么"角"或者"毛"、 jiao , mao and fen appear simultaneously, "分"啊一般不说出来 我们看一下例子, 就比较清楚，比如说 6 块 jiao , mao , fen can be omitted.Let's have a look at the examples, 5 （角），那么我们一般说什么呢？ 6 块 5 它这个 "角" 不说。 6 kuai 5 jiao how to say? We generally say 6 kuai 5,jiao is omitted 35 块 1 （毛） 我们经常说什么呢？ 35 块 1 ，也就是 35 kuai 1 mao we generally say 35 kuai 1,that is "毛" 不说出来 5 角 5 （分），我们经常说什么呢？ 5 角 "mao" can be omitted.5 jiao 5 fen,we generally say 5 jiao 5 5 这个 "分" 呢，也不说出来 2. "fen" is also can be omitted. (2) "元" 或者是 "块" 和 "分" 同时出现的时候 "分" But when yuan or kuai and fen appear simultaneously , "fen" 呢不能省略，例如我们来看一下 11 元 5 can not be omitted,such as 11 yuan 5 fen 分，68 块 8 分，这个两个的 "分" 11 元 5, 68 kuai 8 fen, 68 块 8，这样就是错误的，应该说 11 元 5 分 11 yuan 5, 68 kuai 8 is wrong,the correct expression is 11 yuan 5 fen 68 块8 分，也就是这两个 "分" 呢不能省略掉 3. 68 kuai 8 fen, both of the "fen"can not be omitted (3) "元（块）" "角（毛）" "分" When yuan , jiao and fen appear at the same time, 同时出现时，那么"分"呢 一般省略 例如，我们看一下： fen generally can be omitted.For example, 9 元 5 角 6 （分） 那么我们经常说什么呢？ 9 yuan 5 jiao 6 fen ,how to say? 9 元 5 角6 这个 "分" 就不要说了。 9 yuan 5 jiao 6 is OK,fen generally can be omitted. 15 块 6 毛 9（分） 那么我们经常说什么呢？ 15 块 6 毛 9。 15 kuai 6 mao 9 fen usually say 15 kuai 6 mao 9 也就是说这个 "分" 也不说出来 不说出来。 fen generally can be omitted. 四. (IV) 号码的表达方法 （一） 电话号码 : Number expression 1.Telephone numbers: 电话号码要逐个数字读 例如，我们看一下。 Telephone Numbers should be read numerically.For example, 这个就是什么呢？这个号码就是137518 56796 How to read the telephone number? The number is one three seven five one eight five six seven nine six 是这样的，那就是逐个，一个一个的数字去读取 电话号码中的，注意，这个 You need to read the telephone numbers number by number.Please pay attention, "1" 读作 "yāo" 也就是说不能读作 "yī" "one" is read by "yao",not "yi" ， 这个要特别地注意 这个 "1" 读作 "yāo" 1 read by "yao" 不能读作 "yī" （二）楼房号码：楼、 can not be read by "yi" 。 2.Building number 楼号按数数的方法读 例如，我们说，1号楼，8号楼 building number can be read by counting method.Such as Building one Building eight 55号楼，那么都是按照数数的方法 房间号码呢，是逐个数字地读 Building fifty-five.Using the counting method,room number is also read number by number 比如说，312房间，是一个一个数字地读 房间号码中的 Such as room 312,if you read number by number,how to read the number one? "1" 也读作什么呢？"yāo" 这个要特别注意，也就是说不能读作 "yī", Please noted one could be read as "yao",but not "yī" 否则的话就是错误的 （三）公共汽车线路 or else is wrong. 3.Bus line 号码为一百以下的，按照数数的方法读 例如，我们说，1路、 The number is below 100,can be read by the counting method.Such as line one, 55路 号码为一百以上的，要逐个数字读，其中的"1"呢要读作"yao"。 line fifty-five.The number is above 100,can be read number by number, and one read as "yao" 我们来看一下例子 这个公共汽车号码，线路号码是什么呢？ Let's have a look at the examples,how to read this bus line? 是 718，不能读作qībǎiyīshíbā路，应该是qīyāobā路 这个"1" 也是读作 It's seven one eight,we cannot read as qībǎiyīshíbā,it's qīyāobā "yāo" 不能读作 "yī" 五．温度表示法 yāo can not be read as "yi".(V)Temperature representation 汉语温度单位为 "摄氏度" 简称"度" Chinese temperature unit is "she shi du",short for "du" 例如我们看一下两个例子 这个是零摄氏度，或者是零度。 Let's have a look at the examples,this one is Zero degrees Celsius,or ling du 这个是什么呢？ 零下五摄氏度，或者是呢零下五度都可以 What's this?Minus five degrees Celsius or ling xia wu du 体温表示方法也大致相同，例如我们看一下，36℃体温是三十六度 The body temperature is roughly the same.Such as 36℃ in body temperature is san shi liu du 差不多跟这个温度的是一样的 the same as temperature representation
