Our next topic is Chair Design. And the work we introduce here is called SketchChair. So the problem to address here is that design and construction of original chair. Suppose you want to design your own chair, instead of buying something from the store. And there're so many issues to consider, you know? In order to work as a functional chair you need to be physically valid. It should be stable and it should not break if you sit down. And also it should be easy to manually construct. So we present our design system specialized for chairs. So the design can be done by easy sketching and then system automatically checks its balance, or stability. And also system automatically generates a construction plan. So let me show you a demo. So, yeah, here's the system. And then you design your own chair. For example, you have a chair like this with a long back, and you have a leg like this. So, I just draw three strokes, and now you already have a 3-Dimentional chair model like this one, and then by pushing a print button then you will get a two dimensional pattern. So after that, you can just print this into, send this data to a laser cutter, and then the cutter automatically cuts physical wood material and then you can get a physical chair. So after having this design, you can also learn its physical validity. So, we also have some additional features. So if you press play button here, system tries to push this guy on this chair. So here, it's fine. You know, you can put down on a character on this chair. However, if you, you create unstable chair. So let me show you a intentionally unstable chair. For example, if you have a chair like this and then if you put leg in appropriate positions, if you press Play, and then you know, this is not very good, and then you, you see that this is problematic. So this is very simplistic, this is just a starting point but you see that physical validity checking is possible, and then can be useful. And let me show you a video. So yeah. I already showed a simple video, a demonstration already, but user draws a sketch, and then draw a leg, and then you will get the 3D shape. And then you can also additionally edit the shape profile by dragging to adjust the shape. And you can also adjust the leg. So if you spend more time, you're going to get more control. You can also, you know, edit individual layer to get more three dimensional shape. So then you can progressively move on to a more detailed design if you want. Yeah as you see we also provide the polygon tool and also bezier curve tool and also you can change the spacing between the layers. So, yeah, as I said in the simulation, so you can check the stability of the chair, And also you can stability of the chair, or rocking chair. Yeah, as you see, you can change the design while running a physical simulation if you want. Now we also implemented a couple of features to assist modeling. So this one is using of this kind of accessory object. So you can see this kind of object has a reference to design, here. So use as designing a piano chair, so you can see the size. And it's not shown here, but it's, you can also change the proportion of the human figure if you want. So this feature allows a user to test many variations. So after designing this one, the previous one is hibernated. So you can temporarily pan off and then you can test different one, and then go back and forth between different designs. Okay, after our finished design, then you can get this profile and then you can send this to a printer. So first easiest way is to using cutting plotter, the paper cutter. So you can send this to a paper cutter, and then you can cut the papers. And then you can get the paper chairs. And this is cheapest way, so you can generate many designs. You can do many design studies using these paper chairs first. Yeah. After having a paper chair, you can actually generate a big one by using a laser cutter. Laser cutter is very handy tool. So it's exactly like a printing machine. You just send two dimensional data. But then you will get this kind of wood material cut by according to the diagram and you get this. And by putting cushions around the surface, and then you'll get a more realistic chair. So here is some results. So these are the variation of paper chairs. A rocking chair we just saw. And then full sized chairs, like these. And this is a piano chairs. Yep, so, that's it. Here's a couple of examples, and so this is a big chair. Yeah so we, this is a big chair, I just show, and also I have a small chair like this one. This is. This can be a very good for your cellphone placer. Okay so we use physical simulation here. We use an open source physics engine rigid body simulation. So we, we currently use bullet engine. But there are many other possibilities. So these physics engine is usually used for games, you know, 3D games and then objects moving around, bumping each other, but these Physics engine are now very popular, easy to use. So you can pick any simulation engine into your code and you can play along with it. And I think this work is a very good example of a new way of design series. We call it Meta-design. So traditionally, designers design final product directly. So the designers design chair, the designer just physical shape of a chair. But here, in the future, I think designers will not only just design physical shape, but also designers needs to design, design processes. So here in this project, designer or us, we actually design a process. And we de- define a process, and then inside of this process end-user will sketch and then system automatically generates this reasonable 3D chair. Depending, taking user input, but also according to the designer's intention. And I think this kind of meta design process can be more and more important in the future. So, to learn more, original paper was published as SketchChair: An All-in-one chair Design System for End-users. And rigid-body simulation, if you now want to know the technical implementation details, if you want to implement by yourself, recommended reading is Rigid-Body Simulations, SIGGRAPH Course 1992. But if you want to just use it, there are many of packages. And as for the furniture design, I recommend you, I recommend you to take a look at the YouTube video from Front Sketch Furniture. So this is interesting artwork. So user can directly sketch furnitures in this 3D space, and then you will get physical object using a 3D printer. So, thank you.
