Hello everyone. In this lecture, I will introduce Raspberry Pi, which is another popular device development platform frequently used to develop IoT applications. Here is a table of contents for this lecture. First, I'm going to introduce what Raspberry Pi is. I will then explain the hardware components of the Raspberry Pi. Then I'm going to introduce the software used for Raspberry Pi, as well as some interesting projects using Raspberry Pi. So, what is Raspberry Pi? The Raspberry Pi is a series of small single-board computers developed by UK-based Raspberry Pi Foundation to promote the teaching of basic computer science in schools and in developing countries. The Raspberry Pi is a credit card-sized computer that plugs into your TV or a computer monitor and a keyboard. It is a capable little computer which can be used in electronics projects, and for many of the things that your desktop PC does, like spreadsheets, word processing, browsing the Internet, and playing games. The Raspberry Pi Foundation is a charity organization founded in 2009 in United Kingdom to promote the study of basic computer programming in schools, kindergarten, elementary, middle, and high schools, and in developing countries. It is responsible for developing the Raspberry Pi. The foundation is supported by the University of Computer Laboratory at Cambridge University and a semiconductor company called Broadcom. Its aim is to promote the study of computer science and related topics, especially at school level, and to put the fun back into learning computing. There is no separate foundations official homepage, but you can find a simple introduction on the Raspberry Pi homepage. Originally, the Raspberry Pi was designed for education. They thought that the Raspberry Pi will be helpful for young students who are at the pre-university level to improve programming skills and hardware understanding, if they use a low-cost device such as Raspberry Pi. So, the Raspberry Pi Foundation provided low-cost computers that people use to learn, solve problems, and have fun. But thanks to its small size and accessible price, it was quickly adopted by tinkers, makers, and electronics enthusiasts for projects that require more than a basic microcontroller, such as Arduino. The Raspberry Pi is slower than a modern laptop or a desktop, but it is still a complete Linux computer and can provide all the expected abilities from a computer. Many people think that Raspberry Pi is an eating pie made of Raspberries. So, people who do not know these areas have questions about why they called computers Pi. However, if you look closely at the name, it is not pie, it is not Raspberry Pie, but Raspberry Pi. Raspberry means that the fruit we think is right, but not a pie to eat. As you can see, Pi is related to Python. So, where does the name Raspberry Pi come from? Raspberry is a reference to a fruit naming tradition in the old days of microcomputers. A lot of computers' names were named after fruit. Examples of these are Apple from US, Blackberry from Canada, Tangerine Computer Systems from UK, Apricot Computers also from UK, and the old British company, Acorn, which is a family of fruits. Pi is because originally, there were going to produce a computer that could only run Python language. So, the Pi in there is for Python. For most people, Python is the easiest language to learn than C or C++. Several generations of Raspberry Pi had been developed. Let's compare the Raspberry Pi models released so far. The Raspberry Pi Model B was launched in February 2012 at a price of $35. This model has two USB 2.0 ports. There is a slot to be inserted SD card for the external storage device. Model A was released at a price of $25 in February 2013. Although this model was released a year later than Model B, it was cheaper. This model has a single USB port and an SD card slot. In July 2014, Model B+ was released at a price of $35. This model has four USB ports. Compared to the Model B released two years earlier, the number of US ports has increased, and it also provides a micro SD card slot. In November 2014, Model A+ was launched at a price of $20. This model has one port of USB and a micro SD card slot. Compared to model A released a year ago, the price has become cheaper. Upgraded models had been released since the first generation models. As a second generation of Raspberry Pi, Model B was launched at a price of $35 in February 2015. This model had four USB ports and a micro SD card slot for additional external storage. It is providing more and improved features, but at the same price as the original Model B released three years earlier. It also provides better performance than the original Model B+ released an year earlier at the same price. In November 2015, Raspberry Pi Zero was released at a price of five dollars. It is good to use it for IoT applications because it is very small in size and very cheap. In February 2016, the Model B of the third generation was launched at a price of $35. Many parts of this model have improved performance compared to the second generation Model B released a year ago. Additionally, both Wi-Fi and Bluetooth are supported in this model. Detailed info on all models and accessories can be found at the Raspberry Pi products page. Let's look at the Raspberry Pi hardware components. The hardware configuration of a Raspberry Pi is shown in the image on the slide. First of all, looking at the center of the board, you can see a computer chip. It is a SoC or a system on chip. This chip has various functions, such as ARM core processor, graphics processing unit or GPU, and various kinds of interfaces, and there are a couple of USB ports. You can connect a mouse, keyboard, and et cetera to the USB port. If you want to connect to more USB cables, you can use a USB hub. Next to the USB port is an Ethernet port that you can connect LAN cable to the Internet. You'll also need a monitor to view the screen in order to make sure what is going on the Raspberry Pi. The monitor can be connected through the HDMI port. The power of the Raspberry Pi board can be supplied by using USB-microB type, and there is a slot for inserting microSD card which acts as a hard disk in the computer. Finally, there is GPIO or general purpose IO pins. Here, you can connect electronic components such as LEDs, switches, and sensors. To use a Raspberry Pi as a complete computer, you need several peripherals. You need a monitor, keyboard, and a mouse, as well as an HDMI cable, a power cable, and an SD card. So, if you connect all the peripherals to the Raspberry Pi, it will become one complete computer as shown in the image on the right. Let's compare the components by respective Raspberry Pi model. The models on the left are the more recently released models. Compared to the models on the right, released in the past, the recent Raspberry Pi 3 Model B has more enhanced CPU, GPU, and RAM. More importantly, it has been supporting wireless communication functions that were not supported by previous models. The price did not go up in spite of the improved performance. It's equally priced at $35. Now, let's look at what kind of software is available for the Raspberry Pi. Basically, Raspberry Pi is a blank computer without operating system. So, you have to install the operating system or OS on the board. The most commonly used OS is Raspbian which is based on the Linux distribution called debian Raspbian includes a variety of applications such as web browser, Python, and Scratch. If you wish, you can install other OS on Raspberry Pi. For example, you can install Ubuntu MATE, Linux distribution for Raspberry Pi. Snappy Ubuntu Core is the lightweight core of Ubuntu. I think it is good to use it for IoT. The Windows 10 IoT Core is a distribution edition from Microsoft that supports the Windows 10 version for Raspberry Pi. In addition, you can install a various operating systems such as OSMC, RISC OS, Pidora, Cent OS, and Kali Linux as Raspberry Pi OS. As the basic OS of Raspberry Pi, Raspbian and has some applications to help you use Raspberry Pi. If you use Epiphany, a standard web browser in Raspbian, you can use the internet in Raspberry Pi. There's a file manager similar to file explorer in Windows. There is a terminal application, LX terminal, that can execute various instructions. Mathematica is a professional mathematical application that handles calculations, graphs, and so on. Sonic Pi is an educational application that lets you learn programming as you create music. In addition, you can enjoy the most famous 3D graphics game Minecraft in Raspbian. Scratch is a visual programming tool developed by the MIT Media Lab. It allows the user to create animations and games with the drag-and-drop interface. It is a great way to get started programming on Raspberry Pi with young people. It allows you to create your own computer games, interactive storage, and animations using some programming techniques without actually having to write any code. To find more about Scratch, visit its website at Scratch.mit.edu. Python is one of the most popular languages in the world, and has been around for more than two decades. It is heavily used in academic environments, and is a widely supported platform in modern applications especially utilities, desktop, and web applications. Python syntax is very clean with an emphasis on readability and uses standard English keywords. Therefore, Python is recommended as a language that is easy for newcomers to program. Now, I'd like to introduce several interesting projects using Raspberry Pi. Well, at Southampton University in UK, they developed a high-performance supercomputer using dozens of Raspberry Pi's and Legos. For more details, please visit the Southampton website and watch their YouTube videos. There was also an interesting project to make a quadcopter using Raspberry Pi. It was developed by the Warwick University in UK. You can visit its website for more details. There was a project that sent Raspberry Pi to the sky with a hot air balloon. Raspberry Pi came back after going up to about 40 kilometers and taking pictures from the sky. There are many websites providing various info about Raspberry Pi. Raspberry.org is the official website of the Raspberry Pi. It provides information on all the Raspberry Pi products available: downloading available operating systems, various forums, and many interesting projects developed using the Raspberry Pi. You can find more info on Scratch and Python programming languages as well.
