[MUSIC] >> We're standing on one of the late Republican streets on the Palatine Hill. Behind me, you see the sanctuary of the Great Mother, where the house of Romulus was, and the order of the foundation was. Here is the place where Octavian wanted to live, to be the neighbor of the founder. Here is another late Republican house, but all these have been filled in after the year 66 BC, when Octavian decided to build a new palace, the house of Augustus, the Domus Al Gusti. The call of the palace, was a temple dedicated to Apollo, and we've already seen this already seen this. None of these remains either imposing or well preserved, are self explaining. We need to integrate the missing parts to understand, how did they look, what they were? So this is the only way to understand the changing landscape, and the history of the city. If we look at the archaeological shape of Rome in this phase, we see that the one monument wanted by Octavian on the Palatine Hill, is his private house here. We now know that he was born in a house in this corner. But around the year 40 BC, he moved here in front of the house of Romulus, the mythical house of Romulus. And right up of the sanctuary where the Romans believed that the she-wolf had suckled Remus and Romulus. At first, Octavian lived in a previous house, and then he decided, To enlarge it, creating two para styles, one here, and one here. Suddenly, in the year 36 BC, lightning struck the central part of this house, and Octavian interpreted this as a sign of the will of the god Apollo, to have a house in that place. So he abandoned his previous project. The works for the construction of this new part were still ongoing, but the house was destroyed. A huge field was created up there, and over that, a new great palace, larger than two hectare was created. Here, we have the plan of the underground floor of this incredible house, and here we have the reconstructed plan of the ground floor. The core of the system was the temple for the god Apollo here. Augustus himself lived in a small part of this huge palace here. This is the private house of the new emperor, and here we have a public part. The main god here was a female goddess, Vester, in this public part. The entrance to the complex was an arch erected in honor of Augustus' father Gaius Octavius. We have the scanty remains of this building, this red architectural fragment you can see here. But we know that the upper part of the arch was a shrine enclosing a sculpture, a chariot made by Lucius, a famous Greek sculpture. What we have now, of this huge area are mainly the foundations of the temple. And as you can see here, these foundations cover the foundations of the previous house, which is filled up. So the house was surely abandoned at the moment of erecting this building. And this is how we can imagine all this. A temple with golden capitals, a private house, the public part of the house, the porticos surrounding the area right in front of the main temple, a minor sacred area here. A small shrine in front, and the Biblioteca, the library where the Senate house could be housed, this is also a curia. And the lower terrace with trees, is what is called the area Apolinace, the sacred area for Apollo. We know a lot about this incredible building, thanks to the memory of the literary sources. As you can see, for all these notes all around, we had the front of this temple porticos, the public part, the private part, the other wing of the porticos, and the new curia here. Fragments, you can still see, if you go there, help us in reconstructing the Porticos, and the sculpture helps us in figuring out the layout of all of this. Ancient sculptures can also aid us in figuring out minor parts of this huge complex, such as this shrine here, as you can see, a precinct here with the tree, and a small shrine outside. So this is the source, we have to imagine all this. This huge complex base was articulated in an upper part in the lower part, the residential part here, in the monumental part in front of this temple, with the two terraces. And this huge building, sustaining all this and containing prisons, slave houses, and the offices, or the new bureaucracy that the emperors now needed to manage this new empire. In the most remote part of all this, is the sanctuary, where the Romans believed that the she-wolf had suckled Remus and Romulus. The emperor lived around the memory of the foundation of the city. The upper part of this palace was the residential part, but we'll talk about it next time. Thank you very much.